An air release valve (ARV) is a small-orifice, float-and-needle valve installed at high points along a pressurized water pipeline that continuously vents accumulated air pockets while the system remains in operation. As entrained air collects at a high point, the internal float drops with the falling water level, opening a small precision orifice to release the trapped air; once water refills the chamber, the float rises and reseats the orifice, sealing tight against the operating pressure.
Water and wastewater utilities, industrial plant engineers, and pipeline designers rely on air release valves because entrained air in a pressurized line increases frictional pressure loss, causes erratic and unpredictable flow, and forces pumps to work against additional head — problems that worsen at every high point where flow velocity drops and air naturally collects. Air release valves are distinct from air/vacuum valves (which use a large orifice for filling and draining) and combination air valves (which integrate both functions in one body); AWWA Manual M51 provides the standard industry methodology for selecting valve type, size, and placement along a pipeline profile.
Common configuration: sizes from roughly 1/2" up to 8" or larger, orifice sizes from 1/16" up to 3/8"+ depending on required venting capacity and operating pressure, and pressure ratings commonly at 150 psi standard with higher-pressure and higher-temperature variants available. Body/trim materials include ductile iron, cast iron, bronze, and stainless steel, with internal floats and needles typically in stainless steel or Delrin.
Quick-Reference Spec Glossary
- Valve size
- Inlet/outlet connection size (in.), 1/2" to 8"+ typical
- Orifice size
- Precision cover orifice diameter, sets venting capacity and pressure rating
- Operating pressure
- Standard rating commonly 150 psi; higher-pressure variants available
- Venting capacity
- Air discharge rate at rated pressure (SCFM), per AWWA M51 sizing charts
- Float/needle material
- Stainless steel, bronze, or Delrin
- Body material
- Ductile iron, cast iron, bronze, or stainless steel
- Valve category
- Air release (small orifice), air/vacuum (large orifice), or combination (both)
- Media service
- Clean water or sewage/wastewater (corrosion-resistant trim, backflush options)